The sonar head, when positioned underwater, generates an acoustic pulse in a narrow pencil type beam. The sound frequency and pulse can be modified to suit conditions. The sonar generates a single profile line on a computer monitor; the line accurately describes a cross-section of the targeted area. The profile data points are calculated using the angle of the sonar head, the speed of sound in water and the travel time. When operating within ±45°, the overall accuracy is considered to be better than 0.5% of range. Through the use of software programs this data is translated into XYZ positions and can be plotted in a variety of formats.

The primary purpose of the profiling sonar is as a quantitative measuring tool.